The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations' highest court, has issued a historic advisory opinion stating that countries are legally obligated under international law to take strong action against climate change. The ruling affirms that failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions or protect the environment could be considered an internationally wrongful act, opening the door for nations to sue each other over climate harm. Wealthy and high-emitting countries may now face financial liability and reparations claims from nations most affected by climate change, especially small island states. The decision marks a major victory for climate justice advocates and was driven by years of activism, particularly from Pacific Island students. This landmark opinion is expected to influence future climate litigation, international policy, and the global fossil fuel industry.
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